Record the new position of the lens d2 4 focal length of convex lens b11. Lenses magnify and otherwise alter images of objects. Fundamentals of photonics 74 objectives when you finish this module you will be able to. Macro lenses definition, example, magnification and physics. The object distance is the distance along the axis of the lens to. Lenses remembering the basics of mirrors puts you half ways towards fully understanding lenses as well. This physics textbook is designed to support my personal teaching activities at duke university, in particular teaching its physics 141142, 151152, or 161162 series introductory physics for life science majors, engineers, or potential physics majors, respectively. Quiz if an object is 12 cm away from a convex lens of focal length 4 cm where will the image be.
State the law of reflection and show with appropriate drawings how it applies to light rays at plane and spherical surfaces. This looks really intimidating but its actually not that bad. Algebrabased is a secondyear physics course designed for high school students in grade 12 who have completed honors or ap physics 1. Optics is an exciting area of study, but as with most areas of physics it requires a variety of mathematical tools to be fully appreciated. Notes for class 10 science physics chapter 10 light reflection and refraction download in pdf. View lab report lenses virtual lab geometric optics. Learn exam questions physics practice lenses with free interactive flashcards. The sensorbased is is similar, but instead of moving a lens, the sensor itself is moved around to counteract the shake. Magnifying glasses work thanks to the simple principles of optical physics. The course covers topics and concepts typically included in the second semester of an algebrabased, introductory collegelevel physics course. Teacher packs in experimental science phy pack 5 finding focal length of lens produced by the physics group university of cape coast as part of a delphe funded project d. Better magnification is achieved by a lens with longer focal length. Lens curvature, width, position, type of glass some can be fixed, other vary with focal length, focus e. Jan 20, 2020 clearly, electronics is a big part of a digital camera.
Liquid lens uma maheshwary xiib 1 uma maheshwary 2 acknowledgement i would like to express my special thanks of gratitude. Keep the lenses in front of the window and obtain a sharp image of the 9 object placed at infinity. List of limitations and improvements of physics lab. Each of a lens two faces is part of asphere and can be convex or concave if a lens is thicker at the center than theedges, it is a convex, or converging, lenssince parallel rays will be converged tomeet at the focus. In working with lenses, there are three important quantities to consider. Office lens now converts pictures of paper documents into. Explain how an image is formed by a converging lens using ray diagrams. Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10 download pdf. Finding the focal length of a lens using the ray box. This is because the light condensed by the convex lens is once more refracted into parallel light by the concave lens. Telescopes gather far more light than the eye, allowing dim objects to be observed with greater magnification and better resolution. Qualitative and quantitative questions about image formation by lenses. Physics notes for class 12 chapter 9 ray optics and optical instruments light light is a form of energy eyes. Characteristics of light light waves are electromagnetic waves, whose nature is transverse.
The f ray passes through the focal point on the near side of the lens, then leaves the lens parallel to the principal axis. Cbse notes class 12 physics ray optics aglasem schools. Use the equations to fine the di and m of the image. A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material while compound lenses consist of several simple lenses arranged along with a common axis. Extensions to experiment a laser source can be used as the source of light instead of the ray box. Download pdf physics thermal chemical current mcq download pdf. How changing the lens radius, index and diameter effects where the image appears and how it looks magnification, brightness and inversion. When you focus a camera, you adjust the distance of the lens from the film. Telescopes are meant for viewing distant objects, producing an image that is larger than the image that can be seen with the unaided eye. Under dim fluorescence conditions the decrease in pixel intensity may be unacceptable. Aug 22, 2014 selection file type icon file name description size revision time user. The image formed in figure 7 is a real image, meaning that it can be projected.
Sep 07, 2014 for example, combining a single convex lens with a single concave lens enables distant objects to be seen in more detail. Lab manual lenses virtual lab using phet geometric optics irina golub january 30, 2017 read. Lens aberrations fundamentals optical engineering prof. That information is used to actually move one of the lenses inside the lens to keep the image on the same spot of the sensor while the shutter is open. Pc1142 physics ii system of lenses 1 objectives determine the focal length of a converging lens by forming a real image of an object at various distances from the lens. Teknik menjawab physics paper 2 lens optics experiment. To work out the image distance for the image formed by the objective lens, use the lens equation. Etkinagentilevan heuvelen process physics 1e ch 22 222 22. Visit examrace for more files and information on sampleobjectivequestions. It is a lens which is thicker at the centre and thinner at the edges. Should that not be a minus sign on the left hand side.
Its going to create an image of that image as if that were an object. Problem giancoli 3342 ii reading glasses of what power are needed for a person whose near point is 105cm, so that he can read a computer screen at 55cm. Theory lenses are frequently found in both nature and technology, wherever it is useful to form an image. Pdf optical images due to lenses and mirrors researchgate.
For the rays shown in figures 12, light is assumed to be coming from the left, and going toward the right. This physics tutorial shows you how to use the thin lens equation formula to calculate variables such as the image height and image distance in addition to the lateral magnification as well. It will give a virtual upright image if the object is within the focal length. This manual, along with the others in the electromechanical technology series, is the result of six years of research and development by terc, a national nonprofit, public service corporation with headquarters in cambridge, massachusetts. We are assuming that a lens or mirror will form a point image of a point object, and that a. The object to be examined is placed just beyond the focal point of the objective lens, so that a real magnified image is formed as shown. Teknik menjawab physics paper 2 free download as powerpoint presentation. Data section includes an organized record of observations of orientation and relative size for the two types of lenses and for the. We know the image that the 1st lens created is right here. The power p of a lens is the inverse of its focal length f. Use of an optical instruments, such as a magnifying lens or any complicated device like microscope or telescope usually makes things bigger and helps us to see in a.
Optical instruments are the devices which process light wave to enhance an image for more clear view. Overall, then, the formula relating the curvature of the wavefronts leaving a lens to the curvature of the wavefronts entering it is. Thin lens equation converging and dverging lens ray. Illustrate the formation of images using the technique of ray tracking. Candidates who are ambitious to qualify the class 12 with good score can check this article for notes. Ray 3 passes straight through the center of the lens. Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10 formulas download pdf. Equipment materials ray box with illuminated object, white screen, lens holder, metre.
Secondary data physics lenses free pdf file sharing. Different lenses have different focal lengths, and along with the objects distance from the lens surface, this can be used to determine magnification in physics. A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses light beams by means of refraction. Download for free or view pdf file physics ray optics mcq for competitive exams.
Measure the distance between lenses and the image formed with the 10 help of scale. So we do another thin lens formula but this time we treat this positive 18 not at if its the image, we treat it like its the object. Physics 126 laboratory manual 23 magnification with lenses of manageable dimensions. The same sort of rules apply, just with a few modifications. When light is incident on the lens at an angle, this will bend the light due to refraction. With a converging lens, paraxial rays that are parallel to the principal axis converge to the focal point, f. Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10.
This is because the refractive index of glass is larger than the. Alevel physics advancing physicslenses wikibooks, open. Keep in mind that for an object to be considered a lens it must be made of a transparent material that has an index of refraction higher than air. Lenses lenses refract light in such a way that an image of the light source is formed. Refraction, lens, vision, light, images, optics, index of refraction, principle rays, focal length. Use the image from the first lens as the object for the second lens. Class 12 maths ncert solutions chemistry biology physics pdf. Lenses are made from materials such as glass or plastic, and are ground and polished or molded to a. Exploring lenses lab included, labeled and organized all parts of the lab report. Physics notes for class 12 chapter 9 ray optics and optical. The m ray passes through the middle of the lens with no deflection. Concept questions for physics using phet inquiry based algebrabased physics semester one lessons, clicker questions, and schedule in pdf inquiry based. This arrangement made possible the galilean telescope, named after its 17th century inventor, galileo. A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction.
The pdf file below accompanies the refraction interactive. Lenses and depth of field prepared by behzad sajadi borrowed from fredo durands lectures at mit. Two readings of d and l not enoughonly two readings too few readings. This is possible only when you have the best cbse class 12 physics study material and a smart preparation plan. Photometry is a branch measurement of light energy. Choose from 500 different sets of exam questions physics practice lenses flashcards on quizlet. Pdf conversion by office lens includes ocr optical character recognition, so you can extract text information from pictures. In this question, were presented with a scenario in which an object is placed a certain distance in front of a thin convex lens.
Homework, notes, assignments and stuff therell be quizzes and in class assignments added so make sure you check for updates. Lenses lenses are made of transparentmaterials, like glass or plastic. From last weeks lab, reflection and refraction, you should already be familiar with the following terms. Just as for mirrors we use three rays to find the image from a lens. A converging lens always has two focal points, the primary focal point on the near side of the lens towards the oncoming light rays and a secondary focal point on the far side of the lens away from the oncoming light rays. Now find the accurate focal length of two lenses l1 and l2 by using the experimental setup individually and calculate its focal length reading.
A lens can focus light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without. Convert to pdf, word and powerpoint at the same time. The least distance needed to focus may also be the same. This 2nd lens is going to think that thats the object. Magnifying lenses in human endeavors in addition to making reading easier by functionally enlarging the words on printed pages, magnifying glasses broaden humankinds understanding of nature by allowing people to see in great detail what they otherwise wouldnt see at all. A lens which is thinner in the centerthan the edges is. You can search the content in a file with the text and you can also highlight or copy part of the page depending on the capability your pdf reader app. Lenses in optics applications types of lenses physics. Dec 24, 2019 class 12 physics ray optics get here the notes for class 12 physics ray optics. Lenses lenses refract light in such a way that an image of the light source is. Teacher packs in experimental science phy pack 5 finding focal length of lens produced by the physics group university of cape coast as part of a delphe funded project b. A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material, while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses elements, usually arranged along a common axis.
Lecture 18 geometric optics ii thin lenses unm physics and. The physics convex lenses are converging lenses, and concave lenses are diverging lenses. Look at the lenses in front of you and try to distinguish the different types of lenses. Although galileo is often credited with inventing the telescope, he. That is, light rays from one point on the object actually cross at the location of the image and can be projected onto a screen, a piece of film, or the retina of an eye, for example. Despite much interest and progress in optical spatial cloaking, a threedimensional 3d, transmitting, continuously multidirectional cloak in the visible regime has not yet been demonstrated. Or should it be a plus sign for mirrors and minus for lenses. A convex lens gives a real, inverted image if the object is outside the focal length of the lens. It is proven in introductory physics textbooks1 that the image and. To learn the quantitative use of the lens equation, as well as how to determine qualitative properties of solutions. List of limitations and improvements of physics lab experiments 1. Lets use the ray diagram for the microscope and work out a numerical example. Unified physics optics electromechanical technology series. Looking for office lens content for windows phone 8 or 8.
Use the lensmakers equation to determine the focal length of a thin lens. Using the lenses in front of you, look at different objects in the laboratory and record your observation. Continue to move the lens away from the lamp housing until a sharp image is formed on screen again. The physics classroom grants teachers and other users the right to print this pdf document and to download this pdf document for private use. Proper macro lenses have the ability to present the image onto a camera sensor in the same size as the real body its also known as 1. The term thin is, of course, qualitative, and just means in this sense that we can ignore the thickness of the lens when ray tracing. To determine the focal length of a lens using the ray box.
The eye is an example of a naturally occurring entity that includes a lens. Exploring converging lens images the pdf file below accompanies the converging lens image formation interactive. Its a classic example of a two lens system and overall, before we get lost in details here. A plane mirror is made of flat glass with one side covered with a metal film that reflects light.
Converging lens image formation simulation physics. After being given the radius of curvature for this lens, were asked to determine certain properties of the image. Figure 8 shows how such an image would be projected onto film by a camera lens. A line drawn in the direction of propagation of light is called a ray of light. Which lens magnified the object and which made it look smaller. Convex lenses, geometrical optics alevel physics tutor. Phet geometric optics refraction, lens, vision, light.